October NY world sugar #11 (SBV26) closed up +0.09 (+0.51%) on Friday, and October London ICE white sugar #5 (SWV26) closed down -0.60 (-0.11%).

Sugar prices settled mixed on Friday, as prices consolidated recent sharp gains.  Concerns that the global sugar market will soon be in deficit are underpinning prices.

On Thursday, NY sugar posted a 15-month high, and London sugar posted a 17-month high on the prospects of tighter global supplies.  The Indian government said on Thursday that it will cut import duties on sugar to boost supplies and lower prices ahead of an expected surge in demand during festival season.  India’s Directorate General of Foreign Trade said it will allow up to 1 MMT of raw sugar imports into the country free of any taxes until October 31. The move is a further sign of the supply strain facing the global sugar market, as India is usually a sugar exporter and last imported sugar in substantial volumes during the 2017-18 season.

Sugar prices have surged this month, driven by the outlook for tighter future sugar supplies.  On August 3, Covrig Analytics said it now expects a global sugar deficit in 2026/27 of -300,000 MT, compared to a June forecast for a +100,00 MT surplus.  Meanwhile, Green Pool Commodity Specialists on July 29 raised their global 2026/27 sugar deficit to -3.3 MMT from a June estimate of -1.76 MMT.  StoneX on July 28 raised its 2026/27 global sugar deficit forecast to -1.7 MMT from a May estimate of -550,000 MT.  Sugar trader Czarnikow on June 11 cut its global 2026/27 sugar balance estimate from a surplus of 1.4 MMT to a deficit of -100,000 MT, as Brazil’s sugar mills produce more ethanol than sugar amid the recent surge in crude oil prices from the US-Iran war.

India’s Meteorological Department reported on Friday that India’s cumulative monsoon rainfall (June-Sep) was 13% below normal as of August 21, although it had substantially improved from 42% below normal on June 30.  On July 31, India’s Meteorological Department said that monsoon rainfall in India during August and September “will likely be below normal.”  India’s Earth Science Ministry has warned that this year’s monsoon in India could be the weakest in 11 years.  India’s monsoon season runs from June through September. India is the world’s second-largest sugar-producing country. 

Last Friday, Czarnikow predicted a 2027/28 global sugar deficit of -2.9 MMT due to lower sugar cane and sugar beet plantings.  The group forecast that 2027/28 global sugar production will fall -0.7% yr/yr to 177 MMT, driven mainly by weather disruptions in India, the EU, and Thailand.

Due to drought and hot weather in Europe, sugar production in the European Union and the UK is set to decline to 14.98 MMT this year, the lowest level in 11 years, according to data from S&P Global Energy. 

Lower sugar output in Brazil is bullish for sugar prices after Unica reported on August 6 that Brazil Center-South June sugar production fell -26.3% y/y to 3.903 MMT.  Brazil is the world’s largest sugar-producing country.

Concerns that dry weather from an El Niño event could disrupt global sugar production are bullish for prices.  The emergence of an El Niño is likely to curb rainfall in Brazil, India, and Thailand, the world’s three largest sugar-producing regions.  On July 8, the US Climate Prediction Center said the El Niño weather pattern that emerged across the equatorial Pacific last month will likely be one of the strongest in more than 75 years. 

On April 7, the Indian Sugar and Bio-energy Manufacturers Association (ISMA) revised its 2025/26 India sugar production forecast to 32 MMT, down from an earlier projection of 32.4 MMT.  ISMA also projects India’s 2025/26 sugar exports of 800,000 MT.  India introduced a quota system for sugar exports in 2022/23 after late rain reduced production and limited domestic supplies. Meanwhile, the USDA on April 30 said it expects a 2026/27 sugar surplus in India of 2.5 MMT, the first surplus in two years.

On April 28, Conab, in its initial report for the new sugar season, forecast that 2026/27 Brazilian sugar output will decline by -0.5% to 43.952 MMT, while ethanol output will climb by +7.2% y/y to 29.259 million liters. 

On May 18, the International Sugar Organization (ISO) forecasted a record global sugar crop for the 2025/26 season and raised its global surplus estimate.  ISO forecasts 2025/26 global sugar production at a record 182 MMT, up +3.5% y/y, and raised its 2025/26 global sugar surplus estimate to 2.2 MMT from a February forecast of 1.22 MMT, rebounding from a -3.46 MMT deficit in 2024-25. 

For 2026/27, however, ISO forecasts global sugar production to fall by -1.15% y/y to 180 MMT, with a global sugar deficit of -262,000 MT, citing the potential impact of an El Niño weather pattern on harvests in India and Thailand.  For 2026/27, StoneX last Tuesday raised its forecast to a global sugar deficit of 1.7 MMT from a May estimate of -550,000 MT, while Covrig Analytics cut its surplus forecast to 100,000 MT from a May estimate of 380,000 MT.

The USDA, in its biannual report released in May, projected that global 2026/27 sugar production would fall by 6.5% y/y to 184.854 MMT from a record 186.056 MMT in 2025/26.  Global 2026/27 human sugar consumption is expected to increase +0.4% y/y to a record 179.991 MMT.  The USDA also forecasts that 2026/27 global sugar ending stocks would increase by 2.0% y/y to 44.410 MMT.  The USDA’s Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) predicted that Brazil’s 2026/27 sugar production would fall by -3.0% y/y to 42.5 MMT.  FAS predicted that India’s 2026/27 sugar production would increase by +12% y/y to 33.6 MMT, driven by favorable monsoon rains and increased sugar acreage.  FAS predicted that Thailand’s 2026/76 sugar production will fall by -15.6% y/y to 9.5 MMT.