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Bank of England – Preview

H is for hawk The Bank of England will announce its latest policy decision at midday on Thursday. The market is expecting no change in rates from the Bank, and we expect an 8-1 vote split, with one of the noted hawks at the bank voting to increase rates.

The backdrop to this meeting is a deeply uncertain global outlook and the threat of a bigger inflation spike after another surge in the oil price, which has risen to a fresh war-time high on Thursday morning to more than $123 per barrel for Brent, as the blockade in the Strait of Hormuz looks like it will be in place for the long term and as Donald Trump mulls ending the ceasefire with Iran. We expect the BOE to remain as calm and composed as possible considering the backdrop, and to stress the uncertain outlook, however, now that the oil price is rising again and oil supply is likely to remain constrained for the long term, the BOE may find it hard to avoid straying into hawkish territory as it balances growth risks with inflation concerns.

We expect the Bank will stress the need to watch for second round inflation effects, for example wage growth. So far, the survey data does not suggest that firms are likely to raise wages, and the labor market is still soft, even if the unemployment rate fell below 5% in the 3 months to February. The latest DMP survey shows that expectations for wage growth this year are unchanged at 3.5%. The Bank may also address the increase in inflation expectations, which rose by 2.1% in March, according to the latest Citi-YouGov survey. This suggests that consumers are concerned about a 2022-style energy price shock, even if the Bank has been keen to stress that the economic backdrop is different this time.

Assessing the chance of a hawkish shock at the BOE

A hawkish shock would be a larger number of MPC members voting for a rate hike, especially since signals coming from the March data have been resilient so far. If we get a 6-3 split, then this could open the door to a June rate hike. That might sound hasty, however, an early hike could nip in the bud any threat of second round inflation effects, especially if the blockade of the Strait of Hormuz lasts for the long term and the oil price stays in triple figures.

What will the BOE do next

Although we do not expect any forward guidance from the BOE at today’s meeting, the market is convinced that the next move from the BOE is a rate hike. There is roughly an 84% chance of two rate hikes from the BOE this year, and the market expects rates to rise to 4.25% to combat the threat of rising inflation caused by the energy price spike. The market is expecting the BOE to signal that rates will remain higher for longer, and for now, UK inflation is expected to peak at 4% this year.

Fed’s hawkish tilt

Today’s BOE meeting follows Wednesday night’s Fed meeting. The Fed did not change policy, but it is worth noting that its policy decision was the most divided since 1992. On the back of the Fed meeting, traders now see a rate hike as more likely than a rate cut for this year, following the Fed’s hawkish hold on Jerome Powell’s last meeting as chair. There is now an 11% chance of a hike from the Fed this year, up from 5% prior to the meeting. The Fed did not change the language used in its statement at this meeting, which suggests that cuts could still be on the cards for US interest rates. However, Powell suggested that this language could be adapted in future if elevated oil prices persist and three Fed governors opposed the current language used in the statement.

The market reacted to the hawkish tone at the Fed. The Dow Jones slumped 250 points, the dollar ticked higher and US stock index futures are also pointing to losses for the S&P 500 on Thursday. We think that the market reaction to the BOE meeting is likely to be mostly felt in the bond market. UK 2-year yields rose by 8 bps on Wednesday, and yields are higher by 26bps in the past month. The 2-year yield is now trading at 4.55%, so a lot of BOE hawkishness is already priced into UK bonds. We think that the oil price is more important for the direction of UK yields and sentiment towards UK assets more generally. UK stocks have slipped behind their US counterparts in recent weeks, and until there is a rotation out of US tech stocks and into defense names like BAE Systems and Rolls Royce, we could see the UK index may continue to struggle.

Chart 1: FTSE 100 and the S&P 500

Source: XTB

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Chart of the Day: Yen breaks beyond 160 as the market tests the limits of the “red line”

USDJPY has decisively broken through the psychological 160 level, reaching new multi-month highs and entering territory that was until recently treated as an informal red line for Japanese authorities. Importantly, the breakout has not been met with any strong verbal pushback from the Ministry of Finance, which the market interprets as a growing tolerance for further yen weakness, at least in the short term. This move is not happening in isolation. It reflects the classic combination of two dominant macro forces: a persistently wide interest rate differential and mounting pressures within Japan’s real economy, which are becoming increasingly difficult to ignore.

Source xStation5

What is driving USDJPY? Fed and BOJ stable rates, diverging narratives

Both the Federal Reserve and the Bank of Japan left interest rates unchanged, which in itself was not a surprise for markets. The key focus, however, was on communication nuances that further widened the divergence between the two economies. The Fed remains relatively hawkish, emphasizing the resilience of the US economy and a lack of urgency to pivot toward rate cuts. As a result, the dollar continues to benefit from higher yields and the sustained attractiveness of carry trade strategies. On the other side, the BOJ remains cautious, trying to balance the end of ultra-loose monetary policy with the risks of tightening too quickly. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that the issue is no longer only imported inflation driven by commodities, but also yen weakness itself, which is now amplifying domestic price pressures.

Japan trapped in a cost and commodities squeeze

Japan’s economic fundamentals are sending increasingly mixed signals. Retail sales suggest some resilience in consumer demand, while industrial production disappointed in March, partly due to supply chain disruptions and rising cost pressures linked to global commodity tensions. Particularly important is the situation around the Strait of Hormuz, which continues to elevate risks for global oil and gas flows. For Japan, a heavily import-dependent energy economy, this translates into higher production costs and a deteriorating trade balance. In this context, reports of a possible return of energy subsidies during the summer highlight the government’s attempt to cushion cost pressures, although such measures appear more like short-term stabilization tools rather than a structural response to persistent yen weakness.

160 as a psychological level and a test of market patience

The break above 160 is not purely a technical move. It represents a direct test of Japan’s tolerance threshold for currency weakness. Historically, these levels have been associated with heightened sensitivity from authorities, yet the lack of immediate reaction is encouraging the market to probe further. At this stage, the balance of forces remains tilted toward fundamentals. A persistently wide US–Japan rate differential continues to support capital flows into the dollar, while weak Japanese industrial data and commodity-driven pressures leave the BOJ with little room to tighten policy aggressively in the near term.

Outlook

The current USDJPY move increasingly resembles a classic carry trade driven environment, where fundamentals and momentum reinforce each other. Unless there is a meaningful shift in BOJ policy or a more forceful intervention from the Ministry of Finance, the path of least resistance remains higher. The key question is no longer whether 160 would be broken, but how long the market will continue testing the absence of intervention and where the true line in the sand ultimately lies.

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Currency Talk – EUR/GBP, EUR/AUD, AUD/USD

Key takeaways

  • What is the technical outlook for EURGBP, EURAUD, and AUDUSD?

The Overbalance analysis aims to identify three financial instruments, analyzed primarily on the daily/four-hour (D1/H4) timeframe. The analysis uses only the Overbalance methodology, which helps determine where a trend may continue or where it may reverse. Today’s analysis covers three instruments, evaluated solely in terms of 1:1 correction structures. EURGBP From March 20 through the end of the month, EURGBP traded in an uptrend, but the subsequent correction turned into a stronger downtrend. After the 1:1 upward pattern was negated at the 0.8693 level, the declines accelerated. Currently, the 0.8693–0.8688 zone represents key resistance. Only a return of the price above this zone could shift the balance of power on the chart. For now, the base scenario remains a decline toward the lows at 0.8617.

EURGBP – H4 timeframe. Source: xStation EURAUD From March 11 through the end of the month, the EURAUD pair was in an uptrend; however, the largest corrective pattern was subsequently negated at the 1.6680 level, which was then tested from the opposite side. Since then, we have observed the development of a downtrend. The largest current corrective pattern (marked in red) defines a key resistance level at 1.6470. According to the Overbalance methodology, as long as the price remains below this level, the downtrend remains in effect.

EURAUD – H4 timeframe. Source: xStation AUDUSD Since late March, the AUDUSD pair has been in an uptrend. Recently, the exchange rate has twice tested support at the 0.7015 level, which corresponds to the lower boundary of the 1:1 pattern. As long as this level holds, the uptrend remains intact. It is worth noting, however, that another test of this zone could weaken it, increasing the risk of it being broken and thus triggering a larger downward correction.

AUDUSD – H4 chart. Source: xStation

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AUD/USD – Bullish USD to cap recovery from 0.7100/two-week low

  • AUD/USD stages a modest recovery from a two-week low, around 0.7100, touched on Wednesday.
  • The Fed’s hawkish tilt and Iran tensions continue to underpin the USD, warranting caution for bulls.
  • The technical setup suggests that any further move up is likely to be sold into and remain capped.

The AUD/USD pair gains some positive traction during the Asian session on Thursday and recovers a part of the previous day’s heavy losses to the 0.7100 mark, or a two-week low.

Expectations that the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) will stick to its hawkish stance counter China’s mixed official PMIs and turn out to be a key factor offering some support to the Australian Dollar (AUD). The US Dollar (USD), on the other hand, sticks to its positive tone near the highest level since April 13 on the back of persistent geopolitical uncertainties stemming from stalled US-Iran peace talks. Furthermore, diminishing odds for any further policy easing by the US Federal Reserve (Fed) underpin the USD and should cap the upside for the AUD/USD pair.

From a technical perspective, spot prices have repeatedly failed to find acceptance above the 0.7200 mark and have oscillated in a range over the past two weeks or so. Meanwhile, the overnight slide confirms a breakdown below the 0.7130-0.7125 confluence – comprising the 100-period Simple Moving Average (SMA) on the 4-hour chart and the 23.6% Fibonacci retracement level of the recent recovery from the year-to-date low touched in March. This, in turn, favors the AUD/USD bears, suggesting that the move higher might now be seen as a selling opportunity.

Moreover, the Relative Strength Index (RSI) holds around 40 and hints at modest bearish momentum. Meanwhile, the Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD) is in negative territory but flattening, suggesting downside pressure is softening rather than accelerating.

In the meantime, immediate resistance emerges at the 23.6% Fibonacci retracement at 0.7131, with a stronger barrier at the recent cycle high near 0.7223. On the downside, initial support aligns with the 0.7100 mark ahead of the 38.2% retracement at 0.7074. This is followed by the 50.0% level at 0.7027 and deeper supports at the 61.8% and 78.6% retracements at 0.6981 and 0.6915, respectively, where buyers would likely attempt to slow any extended pullback.

(The technical analysis of this story was written with the help of an AI tool.)

AUD/USD 4-hour chart

Chart Analysis AUD/USD

US Dollar Price Today

The table below shows the percentage change of US Dollar (USD) against listed major currencies today. US Dollar was the strongest against the Euro.

USDEURGBPJPYCADAUDNZDCHF
USD0.11%0.00%0.00%-0.04%-0.11%-0.08%-0.01%
EUR-0.11%-0.07%-0.13%-0.16%-0.21%-0.17%-0.10%
GBP-0.01%0.07%-0.02%-0.08%-0.12%-0.09%-0.02%
JPY0.00%0.13%0.02%-0.06%-0.11%-0.13%-0.04%
CAD0.04%0.16%0.08%0.06%-0.08%-0.06%0.04%
AUD0.11%0.21%0.12%0.11%0.08%0.04%0.12%
NZD0.08%0.17%0.09%0.13%0.06%-0.04%0.08%
CHF0.00%0.10%0.02%0.04%-0.04%-0.12%-0.08%

The heat map shows percentage changes of major currencies against each other. The base currency is picked from the left column, while the quote currency is picked from the top row. For example, if you pick the US Dollar from the left column and move along the horizontal line to the Japanese Yen, the percentage change displayed in the box will represent USD (base)/JPY (quote)

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EUR/USD drops as strong US data and Iran impasse lift Dollar bids

  • Strong Durable Goods Orders reinforced confidence in the US economy.
  • Higher yields and firm oil prices supported the Greenback’s rebound.
  • Traders now await Fed and ECB decisions for fresh direction.

EUR/USD drops by some 0.17% during the North American session as a possible resolution of the US-Iran conflict seems far from ending, while Durable Goods Orders data in the US suggest that the economy remains solid. At the time of writing, the pair trades at 1.1684 after reaching a daily high of 1.1720.

Euro weakens as yields jump before Fed and ECB rate decisions now

High energy prices are underpinning the US Dollar, which, of late, has been correlated with WTI, posting back-to-back bullish days and rising 0.27% in the day, according to the US Dollar Index. The DXY, which measures the performance of the buck’s value against a basket of six currencies, is at 98.66.

US Treasury yields are soaring, with the 10-year Treasury note up 5 basis points to 4.398%, a sign that investors are less confident the Federal Reserve will reduce borrowing costs in the near term.

The US President Donald Trump urged Iran to sign a deal as he prepared the US Navy for an extended blockade of Iranian ports, as negotiations have stalled.

Aside from this, US Core Durable Goods Orders in March rose sharply 3.3% from February’s 1.6% print, crushing estimates for a minimal 0.6% increase, a sign that business spending is picking up, driven by companies spending on AI to improve profit margins. Headline goods orders improved from a -1.2% YoY contraction, to 0.8% exceeding forecasts of 0.5%.

Across the pond, the Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices (HICP) in Germany rose from 2.8% to 2.9% YoY, missing estimates of 3%. Monthly, the German HICP decreased form 1.2% to 0.5%, below forecasts for a 0.8% jump.

Fed and ECB meetings up next

Now, traders’ eyes would be on monetary policy meetings in both sides of the Atlantic. The Federal Reserve is projected to keep interest rates unchanged in the 3.50%-3.75% range, but the attention would be on Powell’s decision to stay at the Fed until his term as Governor ends, or whether he would leave his place open, which would increase Trump’s allies on the committee.

On Thursday, the European Central Bank is projected to keep rates unchanged, but for the rest of the year, money markets see three basis points of rate hikes towards the end of the year, as revealed by Prime Terminal’s implied forward rates curve.

Source: Prime Terminal

EUR/USD Price Forecast: Technical outlook

Chart Analysis EUR/USD

In the daily chart, EUR/USD trades at 1.1690, holding just above the triple simple moving average (SMA) clustered around 1.1649, which now acts as immediate support. The pair, however, remains capped by the broader trend structure, with former rising support now sitting above spot near recent highs around 1.1760 and converging with the dominant downward resistance line closer to 1.1800, suggesting rallies are still vulnerable while price trades beneath this confluence. The Relative Strength Index (RSI) at about 50.4 hovers around neutral, hinting at a loss of directional conviction after the recent recovery from mid-1.15s.

On the topside, initial resistance is seen near the former rising-support line around 1.1760, ahead of the broader downward resistance trend zone near 1.1800, where sellers are likely to re-emerge unless the pair can sustain a clear break higher. On the downside, the triple SMA support at roughly 1.1650 is the first level to watch; a daily close below this floor would expose a deeper pullback toward the mid-1.15 area, while holding above it would keep the pair in a consolidative stance within the broader corrective structure.

Euro Price This week

The table below shows the percentage change of Euro (EUR) against listed major currencies this week. Euro was the strongest against the Swiss Franc.

USDEURGBPJPYCADAUDNZDCHF
USD0.05%0.16%0.38%0.03%-0.08%0.43%0.45%
EUR-0.05%0.13%0.26%0.00%-0.11%0.41%0.42%
GBP-0.16%-0.13%0.17%-0.12%-0.24%0.28%0.29%
JPY-0.38%-0.26%-0.17%-0.30%-0.44%0.16%0.18%
CAD-0.03%-0.00%0.12%0.30%-0.07%0.46%0.42%
AUD0.08%0.11%0.24%0.44%0.07%0.52%0.53%
NZD-0.43%-0.41%-0.28%-0.16%-0.46%-0.52%0.02%
CHF-0.45%-0.42%-0.29%-0.18%-0.42%-0.53%-0.02%

The heat map shows percentage changes of major currencies against each other. The base currency is picked from the left column, while the quote currency is picked from the top row. For example, if you pick the Euro from the left column and move along the horizontal line to the US Dollar, the percentage change displayed in the box will represent EUR (base)/USD (quote).

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BREAKING: Bank of Canada keeps rates unchanged, USDCAD extends gains

Bank of Canada (BoC) Rate Decision:

  • Actual 2.25%
  • Forecast 2.25%
  • Previous 2.25%

The Bank of Canada maintained its policy interest rate at 2.25%, a level held since October. The Governing Council decided to “look through” the immediate inflationary impact of the Middle East war. However, policy remains “nimble,” with potential for rate hikes if energy price shocks lead to persistent, generalized inflation. Economic projections:

  • Inflation Outlook : March CPI inflation rose to 2.4% from 1.8% in February, driven by surging gasoline prices. Inflation is forecast to peak at 3% in April before returning to the 2% target in early 2027.
  • Economic Growth Projections : GDP growth is projected at 1.2% in 2026, rising to 1.7% by 2028 as trade and investment gradually recover. While consumption and government spending support the economy, US tariffs and trade uncertainty—specifically the CUSMA review—weigh on exports. Canada’s net oil exporter status provides some relative resilience.
  • Labor Market and Risks : The labor market is soft, with unemployment between 6.5% and 7%. Key risks include new US trade restrictions, which could trigger rate cuts, or persistent energy price pressures that might necessitate consecutive rate increases. Productivity is seeing an early boost from businesses adopting artificial intelligence technologies.

Source: xStation5

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Trade of The Day – GBP/JPY – Long GBP/JPY at market price Target: 215.85

Facts:

The pair reached the lower limit of 1:1 structure at 215.14 Main trend on the pair remains upward

Recommendation:

Trade: Long GBPJPY at market price Target: 215.85, 216.30 Stop: 214.90

Opinion:

Looking at GBPJPY chart, one can observe that the price reached the key technical support today. This support is marked with the lower limit of 1:1 structure (green rectangles), as well as 200-period moving average. In addition the bullish candlestick pattern – pin bar appeared on the H1 chart. Should buyers manage to hold the price above the support at 215.14, another upward impulse may be on the cards. We recommend taking a long position on GBPJPY at market price with two targets: 215.85 and 216.30 We recommend placing a stop loss order at 214.90.

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Chart of The Day – USD/JPY with mixed reaction to cautious Bank of Japan decision. Is stagflation heading to Japan?

The Bank of Japan kept interest rates unchanged at 0.75%, in line with market expectations, although the reaction of the USDJPY pair to the decision appears rather mixed. Bank of Japan (BoJ) Governor Kazuo Ueda spoke at a press conference, explaining the reasons behind maintaining the key interest rate at 0.75% during the April meeting. Rate hikes will continue in line with developments in the economy and inflation, with particular attention paid to the impact of the situation in the Middle East. The goal remains to achieve a stable 2% inflation rate, although Japan’s economic growth is expected to slow in 2026. Higher oil prices are likely to reduce corporate profits and households’ real income, although the economy will be supported by government measures such as fuel subsidies.

Key takeaways from the BoJ conference

The situation in the Middle East remains uncertain. Japan’s economy is recovering moderately, although some signs of weakness are visible. Economic growth is likely to slow in fiscal year 2026 due to developments in the Middle East. Close attention must be paid to how these developments affect financial markets, FX markets, as well as Japan’s economy and prices. There is also a need to carefully monitor the risk of inflation deviating significantly to the upside, which could negatively impact the economy. Real interest rates remain at very low levels. The BoJ will continue to raise rates and adjust the degree of monetary accommodation depending on economic activity, prices, and financial conditions. The timing and pace of adjustments will be assessed in the context of the impact of Middle East developments and the likelihood of achieving the baseline scenario. The decision was made by a 6–3 vote, with Nakagawa, Takata, and Tamura dissenting, as they proposed raising the rate to 1%.

Board members’ remarks

Tamura suggested including a statement that underlying inflation is in line with the target, while Takata proposed noting that CPI has already reached the target level. Both proposals were ultimately rejected. Additional comments Oil prices may have a stronger impact on inflation than before. The Bank needs more time to assess the effects of the Middle East situation. Underlying inflation is currently slightly below 2%. It is difficult to determine when the next rate hike will occur. Monetary policy will be conducted in a way that avoids falling “behind the curve.” The decision to hold rates reflects a lower probability of the baseline scenario being realized. The dissent of three board members highlights the difficulty of conducting monetary policy under current conditions. There is no immediate need to raise rates, but they may become necessary if supply shocks generate secondary effects. The risk of rising inflation could be a reason for rate hikes, though not the only one.

BoJ Quarterly Outlook Report

Real interest rates remain very low. Underlying inflation is expected to reach levels consistent with the 2% target in the second half of fiscal 2026 and in 2027. Risks to economic growth are tilted to the downside, while risks to inflation are tilted to the upside. Economic growth is expected to slow in 2026 but should moderately accelerate from 2027 onward. Rising oil prices are expected to affect both CPI and incomes.

BoJ forecasts Core CPI

  • 2026: 2.8% (previously 1.9%)
  • 2027: 2.3% (previously 2.0%)
  • 2028: 2.0%

Real GDP

  • 2026: 0.5% (previously 1.0%)
  • 2027: 0.7% (previously 0.8%)
  • 2028: 0.8%

Key risks highlighted by the BoJ

The BoJ noted that rising oil prices may now pass through more easily into the prices of goods and services than in the past. There is also a risk of stronger increases in food prices, particularly if higher raw material costs feed into production costs. The Bank pointed to the possibility of significant disruptions in global supply chains, which could materially affect the production activity of Japanese firms. The report also addressed artificial intelligence. Strong corporate investment in AI could support the global economy, but if it is not matched by profit growth, it may lead to adjustment pressures in asset markets. The BoJ also emphasized that exchange rate movements now have a greater impact on inflation than in the past, while trade policies implemented so far have partly altered the course of globalization. Medium- to long-term inflation expectations are rising moderately. USDJPY charts (H1, D1)

Source: xStation5

Source: xStation5